Mispersepsi Masyarakat Desa Pelem, Kecamatan Bungkal, Kabupaten Ponorogo terhadap Konsep Amil Zakat

Abstract

It is suspected that the community in Pelem Village does not fully understand the concept of zakat's amil (mosque official who collects the zakat) or the duties, rights, and obligations of zakat's amil itself. In addition, there is also a lack of understanding of zakat's amil in mushollas or mosques about its status and distribution of zakat. The purpose of this study was to examine the misperceptions of the people of Pelem Village, Bungkal District, Ponorogo Regency regarding the concept of zakat's amil, to explore the factors behind the misperception of the community of Pelem Village, Bungkal District, Ponorogo Regency about the idea of zakat's amil, and to examine the impact that occurred from the misperception of the community of Pelem Village, Bungkal District, Ponorogo Regency regarding the duties, obligations, and rights of zakat's amil. This study uses qualitative methods with qualitative deductive research types with data collection techniques through interviews and documentation. The study shows that there are various community misperceptions that exist. Those misperceptions some people think that zakat's amil can be formed only by the takmir of the local musholla or local mosque without any certification from the local KUA (Religious Affairs Office); the community thinks that the duties of zakat's amil are only limited to collecting and distributing zakat to mustahik or people who are entitled, and the community thinks that zakat's amil in mushollas and mosques have the right to receive zakat on behalf of zakat's amil. The factors behind these misperceptions of the Pelem Village community towards the concept of zakat's amil are the lack of education level of the community in Pelem Village so that zakat's amil is considered not too important and trivial and minimal or lack of experience in managing zakat, both in collecting and distributing zakat fitrah. The impacts that arise from people's misperception of the concept of zakat's amil. Those impacts are parts of zakat managers or zakat administrators confused in determining who is entitled to receive zakat fitrah so that part of the rest is later used for the local musholla or mosque treasury, parts of the community think that zakat's amil does not need a legal standing (SK), but it is enough to be formed by the takmir of the musholla or mosque, and people who take part in administering and distributing zakat are considered only to want an allotment of zakat.

Keywords: amil; misperception; zakat distribution

Masyarakat di Desa Pelem diduga belum paham sepenuhnya tentang konsep amil zakat maupun tentang tugas, hak dan kewajiban amil zakat itu sendiri. Selain itu, juga ketidakpahaman amil zakat di musholla atau masjid tentang status mereka dan cara pendistribusian zakat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bentuk mispersepsi masyarakat Desa Pelem, Kecamatan Bungkal, Kabupaten Ponorogo terhadap konsep amil zakat, untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakangi terjadinya mispersepsi masyarakat Desa Pelem, Kecamatan Bungkal, Kabupaten Ponorogo tentang konsep amil zakat, dan  untuk mengetahui dampak yang terjadi dari mispersepsi masyarakat Desa Pelem, Kecamatan Bungkal, Kabupaten Ponorogo terhadap tugas, kewajiban, dan hak amil zakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan jenis penelitian kualitatif deduktif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk-bentuk mispersepsi masyarakat, yaitu (a)sebagian masyarakat beranggapan bahwa amil zakat cukup dibentuk oleh takmir musholla atau masjid setempat tanpa surat keterangan dari KUA setempat; (b)masyarakat beranggapan tugas amil hanya sebatas mengumpulkan dan membagikan zakat ke para mustahik atau orang-orang yang berhak; dan (c)masyarakat beranggapan bahwa amil zakat di musholla dan masjid berhak menerima zakat atas nama amil zakat. Faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakangi terjadinya mispersepsi masyarakat Desa Pelem terhadap konsep amil, yaitu (a)tingkat pendidikan masyarakat di Desa Pelem yang kurang atau terlalu rendah sehingga pemahaman terhadap konsep amil dirasa tidak terlalu penting dan dianggap sepele; dan (b)minimnya atau kurangnya pengalaman mengelola zakat, baik penghimpunan maupun pendistribusian zakat fitrah. Dampak yang timbul dari mispersepsi masyarakat terhadap konsep amil, yaitu: (a)sebagian pengelola zakat ataupun pengurus zakat kebingungan dalam menetapkan siapa saja yang berhak menerima zakat fitrah sehingga sebagian atau sisanya digunakan untuk kas musholla atau masjid setempat; (b)sebagian masyarakat beranggapan bahwa amil tidak perlu Surat Keterangan (SK), melainkan cukup dibentuk oleh takmir musholla atau masjid saja; dan (c)orang-orang yang ikut mengurus dan membagikan zakat dianggap hanya menginginkan jatah zakat saja.

Kata kunci: amil; distribusi zakat; mispersepsi